Signal Processing Map
Most radar systems are built on FFT-based processing for extracting range, velocity, and angle information,
while advanced methods are applied only when time-varying or complex motion analysis is required.
1. Advanced Signal Processing
For fine motion analysis, including micro-Doppler, which refers to time-varying patterns caused by small or internal motions of a target,
STFT and wavelet are used to capture time-varying frequency patterns, while DTW is used for pattern comparison.
1. Detection Goal vs. Processing Method
| Category | Detection Goal | 1D FFT | 2D FFT | Beamforming | STFT | Mexican. | Morlet | DTW | |
| Positioning | Simple Proximity (Range) | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Indoor Localization (X, Y) | 2 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
| Tracking | Multi-Target Tracking | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| Velocity Measurement | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
| Intrusion / Security | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Counting & Class. | People Counting | 2 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Human vs. Pet | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | ||
| Posture Classification | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | ||
| Healthcare | Presence Detection | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |
| Respiration Monitoring | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1 | ||
| Heart Rate Detection | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | ||
| Vital Trend Analysis | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | ||
| Activity | Sleep Analysis | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | |
| Gesture Recognition | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 5 | ||
| Healthcare/Act. | Fall Detection | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | |
| Activity | Activity Level (Energy) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
2. Processing Method vs, MCU Consideration
| Rank | Algorithm | Input Source | MCU | SIMD | FPU | Implementation Characteristics | |
| 1 | Range FFT (1D) | ADC RAW Data | Cortex-M4F | Required | Rec. |
Foundational distance mapping; low overhead per chirp. |
|
| 2 | Mexican Hat | 1D FFT (Range) | Cortex-M4 | Rec. | N/A |
Event-driven; optimized for edge/peak detection in falls. |
|
| 3 | Beamforming | 1D FFT (Range) | Cortex-M4F | Required | Required |
Spatial filtering for AoA; requires complex phase math. |
|
| 4 | Doppler FFT (2D) | 1D FFT (Range) | Cortex-M4F | Required | Rec. |
Velocity estimation; memory load increases with frame size. |
|
| 5 | STFT | 1D/2D FFT | Cortex-M7 | Required | Required |
Periodic analysis; needs high SRAM and cache for overlap. |
|
| 6 | DTW |
STFT 2D FFT |
Cortex-M7 Cortex-M4F |
Rec. | Rec. |
Template matching; load depends on template library size. |
|
| 7 | Morlet Wavelet | 1D/2D FFT | Cortex-M7 | Required | Required |
Vital precision; highest complex math load for heart rate. |
Radar Sensor SoC & Module
WiFi IoT Module
5G/LTE/CAT-M1/NB-IoT
WiSUN/HaLow/Thread Module
